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  • Presentation

Oral Manifestations of Systemic Inflammatory Conditions

Description

In a presentation on oral manifestations of systemic inflammatory conditions, Dr. Angad Chada highlighted the various oral abnormalities associated with chronic inflammatory diseases like psoriasis, lichen planus, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), autoimmune connective tissue diseases, and others. He outlined that psoriasis can cause migratory lesions, particularly geographic tongue and erythematous patches, while lichen planus commonly presents as reticular patches and erosive lesions in the oral cavity. For IBD, oral manifestations such as aphthous stomatitis and periodontitis were discussed, emphasizing their potential to predate a diagnosis of IBD. The talk also covered systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which can lead to painless oral ulcers and keratotic lesions. Other conditions discussed included dermatomyositis—characterized by gingival changes—and systemic sclerosis, which leads to oral mechanical changes like microstomia and dry mouth. Sjögren's syndrome was mentioned for its primary effect of causing xerostomia and associated oral complications, including an increased risk for cavities. The presentation concluded with a brief examination of Behçet’s disease, vasculitides like granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with its association to periodontal disease, and the rare oral findings in sarcoidosis. Overall, the seminar emphasized the critical need for awareness and early diagnosis of oral manifestations related to systemic diseases.

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Conclusions

  • Chronic inflammatory diseases can also manifest in the oral cavity, not just in the skin or other organs.
  • Oral lesions in psoriasis are typically migratory and can appear during flares, most commonly affecting the tongue and buccal mucosa.
  • Two-thirds of patients with cutaneous lichen planus develop oral lesions, with erosive forms carrying a risk of malignant transformation.
  • Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may experience various oral manifestations, which can indicate or proceed their gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Oral manifestations of Sjögren's disease include xerostomia, leading to difficulties in chewing and tasting food, and an increased risk of dental issues.
  • Connective tissue diseases like lupus and scleroderma often result in specific oral lesions including ulcers and telangiectasias.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with oral manifestations such as gingivitis and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) abnormalities, which can influence disease progression.
  • Oral manifestations in autoimmune vascular diseases like Behçet's and granulomatosis with polyangiitis can range from recurrent aphthous ulcers to strawberry gingivitis.
  • Sarcoidosis is characterized by rare oral manifestations, typically presenting as submucosal lesions or gingivitis.
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