Gut Microbiome Connections and Microbiome-Based Interventions in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Conclusions

• Inflammatory skin diseases appear to be linked to gut dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction, supporting a bidirectional gut-skin axis.
• Different dermatoses show distinct but overlapping gut microbiome signatures, suggesting microbiome patterns may help explain disease-specific inflammation.
• Gut microbial changes can amplify systemic immune dysregulation by increasing pro-inflammatory signaling and reducing anti-inflammatory pathways.
• Lifestyle factors such as diet, stress, alcohol, travel, and antibiotics can substantially disrupt gut microbiota, whereas sleep, exercise, and dietary changes are modifiable targets.
• Probiotics can be beneficial, but their effects are strain-specific and cannot be generalized across products or conditions.
• Maternal and infant probiotic strategies, along with breastfeeding, may reduce atopic dermatitis risk in high-risk infants.
• Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium-based probiotics are associated with improved psoriasis outcomes and reduced inflammatory markers.
• In rosacea, probiotics may enhance antibiotic treatment and reduce sebum, clinical severity, and antibiotic resistance burden.
• Omega-3 fatty acids appear to be anti-inflammatory and may improve acne, reduce allergic disease risk, and support beneficial gut microbes.
• A lower omega-6 to omega-3 balance seems more favorable than high omega-6 dominance for inflammatory and allergic skin disease.
• Mediterranean-style diets are broadly beneficial, improving microbial diversity, increasing short-chain fatty acids, and reducing psoriasis severity.
• Dairy and high-sugar or high-fat dietary patterns may worsen acne, while reducing dairy and using lower-glycemic meal timing may help.
• Dietary yeast reduction, weight loss, and Mediterranean-style eating may improve hidradenitis suppurativa in selected patients.
• Helicobacter pylori and SIBO may contribute to rosacea in some patients, but the association is inconsistent and strongest in selected subgroups.
• Overall, the presentation concludes that dermatologic care should increasingly incorporate gut-focused, diet-based, and microbiome-modulating strategies alongside conventional treatment.